What is acne?
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become blocked with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. It often appears on the face, chest, shoulders, and back and can range from mild to severe.
While acne is most common in teenagers, many adults experience persistent breakouts into their 30s, 40s, and beyond. Acne is very common and is not a sign of poor hygiene. Many people manage it with simple skincare, some see their GP or pharmacist, and others choose not to treat it at all.
Types of acne
Understanding the different types of acne can help in identifying and treating them effectively:Ā
Comedones
- Whiteheads: Closed comedones that appear as small, flesh-coloured bumps. They form when hair follicles are clogged with oil and dead skin cells but remain closed.
- Blackheads: Open comedones that appear as small black spots. They form when the clogged pores are open, and the trapped oil oxidises, turning black.
Papules
Small, red, tender bumps caused by inflamed or infected hair follicles. They do not contain pus and may feel sore to the touch.
Pustules
Red, inflamed bumps that contain pus. They resemble whiteheads surrounded by red rings and are often painful or sensitive.
Nodules
Large, painful, solid lumps beneath the surface of the skin. Nodules result from deep inflammation and may lead to scarring if not treated appropriately.
CystsĀ
Deep, painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the skin. Cysts are often the most severe form of acne and can leave significant scars.
What causes acne?
Cause #1 ā Hormonal fluctuations
Hormones play a major role in oil production. Changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or stress can all increase sebum levels and trigger breakouts.
Cause #2 ā Genetics
If your parents had acne, you’re more likely to develop it too. Genetics can influence how much oil your skin produces and how your body responds to inflammation.
Cause #3 ā Clogged pores
Dead skin cells that arenāt properly shed can mix with oil and block the pores, creating an environment for bacteria to grow.
Cause #4 ā Bacteria
When pores become clogged, bacteria can multiply and cause the surrounding tissue to become inflamed, leading to red, painful lesions.
Cause #5 ā Lifestyle factors
Diet, stress, skincare products, and environmental exposure can all contribute to acne. Frequent touching of the face may also make it worse.
Why do I have acne and others don’t?
Factor #1 ā Skin type and oil production
People with oily or combination skin are more prone to clogged pores and congestion.
Factor #2 ā Hormonal sensitivity
Even with similar hormone levels, some individuals have more sensitive oil glands that react more aggressively.
Factor #3 ā Genetics
Some people are genetically predisposed to inflammatory responses, oil production, or slower skin turnover.
Factor #4 ā Product and skincare habits
Over-exfoliating, skipping moisturiser, or using pore-clogging products can worsen acne, especially if the skin barrier is damaged.
Factor #5 ā Environment and stress
Humidity, pollution, stress, and diet may not directly cause acne but can exacerbate existing skin conditions in people who are already prone.
Living with acne
Acne affects people in different ways. Some people notice:
- Physical discomfort: Inflamed spots, nodules and cysts can be tender or painful.
- Marks after breakouts: Red or brown marks can remain for weeks or months after a spot heals. Deeper acne can sometimes leave scarring.
- Changes to skincare and makeup: Some products can block pores, so people often adjust what they use.
Some people are not bothered by their acne. Others choose to seek advice. If acne is affecting how you feel day to day, your GP is a good first step.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What treatment options are there for acne in Australia?
A: Options depend on the type and severity of acne. A GP, dermatologist or qualified practitioner may discuss a combination of medical-grade skincare, prescription products, and clinical treatments such as LED Light Therapy and chemical peels.
Q: Can acne be cured permanently?
A: Acne can often be controlled very effectively, but flare-ups can still happen, especially with hormonal changes or stress. Long-term results depend on consistent care and individual factors.
Q: Can acne scars be removed?Ā
A: While scars canāt always be removed entirely, some treatments may improve their appearance, including microneedling and laser-based therapies. Results vary between people.
Q: Are acne treatments safe?
A: All medical procedures carry risks. Itās important to speak with a qualified Australian healthcare practitioner before starting any treatment to ensure itās suitable for your skin type and history.
Q: Will Medicare cover acne treatments in Australia?Ā
A: Medicare does not usually cover treatments for mild to moderate acne. Some dermatology consultations or procedures may be eligible for a rebate. Always check with your practitioner.Ā
Treatment options and finding a practitioner
You can choose not to treat acne. Mild acne often improves with gentle skincare and time. If you would like advice, a pharmacist, GP or dermatologist can discuss options including skincare and prescription medicines.
Some people also explore clinical treatments. A practitioner may discuss options depending on your skin, health history and goals.
Non-surgical consultations
- Skin assessment consultation
- Chemical peels consultation
- LED light therapy consultation
- IPL consultation
In Australia, these must be completed by a qualified doctor, nurse, or dentist.
All treatments carry risks, which can include redness, irritation, pigment changes and, rarely, burns or scarring. A registered practitioner will explain the risks, recovery time and costs at your consultation. Results vary between people.
Please note that specific treatment details cannot be provided here to comply with Australian advertising regulations.
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